Leptospirosis (including Weil disease)

What is it? A spirochaetal disease taking many forms, usually with sudden onset of fever, headache, muscle pain, chills, redness of the eyes and skin rash. The disease may progress to meningitis, haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, haemorrhagic manifestations and other complications, including kidney failure. How is it transmitted? The urine of infected animals. Where is it present? Worldwide; most common in tropical countries. Level of risk? Low for travellers; those working with animals and participating in water sports at increased risk. What can I do to prevent getting it? Avoid swimming in urine contaminated water and avoid contact with rodents. Doxycycline can be used as a prophylaxis. Treatment? Antibiotics and detoxification.